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The US blueprint for operations in Syria included a "by, with, and through" approach to working with local proxies to fight ISIS insurgents. The approach also formed the framework for the United States-Syrian Democratic Forces partnership. However, the US-SDF relationship was never stable and ultimately broke down. In this paper Dylan Maguire examines the inherent challenges in the US-SDF relationship, as well as potential improvements that could be made to the US proxy selection framework to ensure more effective and sustainable proxy relationships in the future. "A Perfect Proxy?" is the latest contribution to the Proxy War Project, which aims to develop new insights for resolving the wars that best the Arab world. PWP is jointly directed by Ariel Ahram (Virginia Tech) and Ranj Alaaldin (Brookings Doha Center) and funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.
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The topic of proxy war is currently subject to intense debate with reference to US, British and Israeli accusations that Iran is sponsoring subversive and insurgent movements from Lebanon to Afghanistan; contemporary academic and media controversies over the effect of international assistance to the Afghan mujahidin in the subsequent destabilisation of the country; and the contentious circumstances surrounding the Russo-Georgian war of 2008, and the 'independence' of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. While there is no shortage of academic litearature dealing with specific cases of proxy warfare, there is no work providing an overarching analysis of the factors which lead to this type of conflict, or the potential consequences for the states concerned, the non-state proxies and their external patrons. Using examples from post-1945 history, and focusing on three case studies (the Afghan war of 1978-1989, Lebanon 1975-1990, Angola 1975-1991), the author offers terminology intended to clarify scholarly understanding of proxy warfare, a framework for understanding why states seek to use proxies (insurgent groups, militias, terrorist movements, mercenaries, and even organised criminal groups) in order to fulfil strategic objectives, and an analysis of the potential impact of such an indirect means of waging war on not only the states that are subjected to the phenomenon, but also the proxies, their sponsors and the wider international community.
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Proxy war --- Proxy war --- United States --- Iran --- Foreign relations --- Foreign relations
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Proxy war --- Proxy war --- United States --- Iran --- Foreign relations --- Foreign relations
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Proxy war --- Proxy war --- United States --- Iran --- Foreign relations --- Foreign relations
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Proxy war --- Proxy war --- United States --- Iran --- Foreign relations --- Foreign relations
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State-sponsored terrorism --- Proxy war --- Shīʻah --- Hizballah (Lebanon)
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State-sponsored terrorism --- Proxy war --- Shīʻah --- Hizballah (Lebanon)
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This text provides a more comprehensive, definitive, and rigorous treatment of proxy war. It argues that proxy war can and should remain a useful and effective tool of foreign policy, but that such an endeavor demands better understanding and deliberation.
PROXY WAR --- Proxy war. --- Military policy. --- Proxy war --- Military policy --- Defense policy --- Military readiness --- Military history --- Sociology, Military --- War --- National security --- Proxy warfare --- War by proxy --- Political aspects --- conflict. --- decision making. --- foreign policy. --- indirect intervention. --- principal-agent relationships. --- proxy war. --- strategy.
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Tehran's ability to fight by, with and through third parties in foreign jurisdictions has become a valuable and effective sovereign capability that gives Iran strategic advantage in the region. Tehran has possessed a form of this capability since the Islamic Revolution in 1979, but its potency and significance have risen sharply in the past decade, to the point where it has brought Iran more regional influence and status than either its nuclear or ballistic-missile programmes. This dossier provides an understanding of how Iran builds, operates and uses this capability. Based on original field research, open-source information and interviews with a range of sources, the dossier conducts an audit of Iran's activities in the principal regional theatres of Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Yemen, and it reaches into Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. it includes an examination of Tehran's nurturing of groups such as the Houthis in Yemen, the Badr Organisation in Iraq, Hizbullah in Lebanon and Shia militias in Syria, and details related to recruitment, weapons supply, logistics and command-and-control systems.
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